Fear of Crime and Anti-Refugee Sentiments: Evidence from Canada
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41297Mots-clés :
fear of crime, refugees, prejudice, CanadaRésumé
De nombreux États ont connu une montée de la xénophobie et de l’hostilité à l’égard des réfugiés, ainsi qu’un cadrage de ces derniers comme une grave menace sécuritaire ou criminelle dans le discours public. S’appuyant sur une enquête transnationale originale menée auprès d’adultes au Canada, cet article explore le lien entre la peur de la criminalité et les perceptions négatives à l’égard des réfugiés. Ses résultats démontrent que même en tenant compte d’autres explications, les personnes qui ont une plus grande peur de la criminalité sont significativement plus susceptibles d’exprimer des sentiments anti-réfugiés. Ces résultats ont des implications pour la compréhension des défis actuels dans le maintien du soutien domestique à la protection des réfugiés et soulignent l’importance de dissiper les mythes selon lesquels les réfugiés sont une source de criminalité.
Statistiques
Références
Al-Majali, S. (2022, February 14). A precarious refuge: Yemeni asylum-seekers in Jordan. Sana’a Center. https://sanaacenter.org/publications/main-publications/16557
Association for Solidarity with Asylum Seekers and Migrants. (2020). 2019 activity report. https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/14-_asam_activity_report_2019_1.pdf
Balakian, S. (2020). Navigating patchwork governance: Somalis in Kenya, national security, and refugee resettlement. African Studies Review, 63(1), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2019.53
Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(2), 164–180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x
Barnes, B. (2000). Understanding agency: Social theory and responsible action. Sage Publicarions. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446219140
Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. The Free Press.
Beirens, H., & Fratzke, S. (2017, May). Taking stock of refugee resettlement: Policy objectives, practical tradeoffs, and the evidence base. Migration Policy Institute Europe. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/taking-stock-refugee-resettlement-policy-objectives-practical-tradeoffs-and-evidence-base
Bloch, A. (2007). Methodological challenges for national and multi-sited comparative survey research. Journal of Refugee Studies, 20(2), 230–247. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fem002
Bundesministerium des Innern und für Heimat (BMI). (2018a, December 11). Anordnung des Bundesministeriums des Innern, für Bau und Heimat für die Resettlement-Verfahren in den Jahren 2018 und 2019 gemäß § 23 Absatz 4 des Aufenthaltsgesetzes zur Aufnahme bestimmter Flüchtlinge unterschiedlicher Staatsangehörigkeiten oder staatenloser Flüchtlinge aus Ägypten, Äthiopien, Jordanien und aus dem Libanon sowie ggf. Über den UNHCR Evakuierungsmechanismus aus Libyen vom 11. Dezember 2018. https://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/downloads/DE/veroeffentlichungen/themen/migration/humanitaere-aufnahmeprogramme/aufnahmeanordnung-7.pdf;jsessionid=ECDFC12FC62803DE7447DD9156E444DE.1_cid373?__blob=publicationFile&v=1
Bundesministerium des Innern und für Heimat (BMI). (2018b, December 21). Anordnung des Bundesministeriums des Innern, für Bau und Heimat vom 21. Dezember 2018 für die Humanitäre Aufnahme gemäß § 23 Absatz 2 Aufenthaltsgesetz zur Aufnahme von Schutzbedürftigen aus der Türkei in Umsetzung der EU—Türkei Erklärung vom 18. März 2016. https://resettlement.de/wp-content/uploads/HAP19_aufnahmeanordnung-8.pdf
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
de Haas, H. (2021). A theory of migration: The aspirations–capabilities framework. Comparative Migration Studies, 9(1), Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020-00210-4
Emirbayer, M., & Mische, A. (1998). What is agency? American Journal of Sociology, 103(4), 962–1023. https://doi.org/10.1086/231294
European Council. (2016, March 18). EU–Turkey statement [Press release]. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/03/18/eu-turkey-statement/
European Council on Refugees and Exiles. (2017, December 31). Country report: Turkey. 2017 update. Asylum Information Database (AIDA). https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/report-download_aida_tr_2017update.pdf
European Council on Refugees and Exiles. (2022, July). Country report: Türkiye. 2021 update. Asylum Information Database (AIDA). https://asylumineurope.org/reports/country/turkiye/
Garnier, A., Jubilut, L. L., & Sandvik, K. B. (Eds.). (2018). Refugee resettlement: Power, politics, and humanitarian governance. Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.3167/9781785339448
Garnier, A., Sandvik, K. B., & Jubilut, L. L. (2018). Introduction: Refugee resettlement as humanitarian governance: Power dynamics. In A. Garnier, L. L. Jubilut, & K. B. Sandvik (Eds.), Refugee resettlement: Power, politics, and humanitarian governance (pp. 1–27). Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.3167/9781785339448
Giddens, A. (1984). The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. University of California Press.
Goffman, E. (1961). Asylums: Essays on the social situation of mental patients and other inmates. Anchor Books.
Grote, J., Bitterwolf, M., & Baraulina, T. (2016). Resettlement and humanitarian admission programmes in Germany: Focus-study by the German national contact point for the European Migration Network (EMN) (Working paper 68). Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/EMN/Studien/wp68-emn-resettlement-humanitaere-aufnahme.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=13
Hartonen, V. R., Väisänen, P., Karlsson, L., & Pöllänen, S. (2022). A stage of limbo: A meta-synthesis of refugees’ liminality. Applied Psychology, 71(3), 1132–1167. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12349
Helfferich, C. (2012). Einleitung: Von roten Heringen, Gräben und Brücken. Versuche einer Kartierung von Agency-Konzepten [Introduction: Of red herrings, ditches and bridges. Attempts at mapping agency concepts]. In S. Bethmann, C. Helfferich, H. Hoffmann, & D. Niermann (Eds.), Agency: Qualitative Rekonstruktionen und gesellschaftstheoretische Bezüge von Handlungsmächtigkeit (pp. 9–39). Beltz Juventa.
Human Rights Watch. (2022, October 24). Turkey: Hundreds of refugees deported to Syria. https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/24/turkey-hundreds-refugees-deported-syria
Janmyr, M. (2022). Sudanese refugees and the “Syrian refugee response” in Lebanon: Racialised hierarchies, processes of invisibilisation, and resistance. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 41(1), 131–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdab012
Latouche, A. (2023). Repoliticising gendered vulnerability: The blind spots of vulnerability-focused humanitarian programmes in Greece. In M. Adelina & A. Pérez-Caramés (Eds.), Migration patterns across the Mediterranean (pp. 179–194). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800887350.00019
Lewis, D. C., & Young, S. S. (2018). Parallel pasts, presents and futures: Narratives of Cambodian and Karen refugees in the United States. In A. Garnier, K. B. Sandvik, & L. L. Jubilut (Eds.), Refugee resettlement: Power, politics, and humanitarian governance (pp. 183–202). Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.3167/9781785339448
Menetrier, A. (2021). Implementing and interpreting refugee resettlement through a veil of secrecy: A case of LGBT resettlement from Africa. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 3, Article 594214. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.594214
Müller-Funk, L. (2019, October). Adapting to staying, or imagining futures elsewhere: Migration decision-making of Syrian refugees in Turkey (IMI working paper no. 154). International Migration Institute. https://www.migrationinstitute.org/publications/adapting-to-staying-or-imagining-futures-elsewhere-migration-decision-making-of-syrian-refugees-in-turkey
Ozkaleli, U. (2021). Agency in multiple temporalities: Being Syrian women, becoming widows and refugees, remaining pious. Women’s Studies International Forum, 89, Article 102538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2021.102538
Ozkul, D., & Jarrous, R. (2021). How do refugees navigate the UNHCR’s bureaucracy? The role of rumours in accessing humanitarian aid and resettlement. Third World Quarterly, 42(10), 2247–2264. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1928487
Raithelhuber, E. (2012). Ein relationales Verständnis von Agency. Sozialtheoretische Überlegungen und Konsequenzen für empirische Analysen [A relational understanding of agency: Social theoretical considerations and consequences for empirical analyses]. In S. Bethmann, C. Helfferich, H. Hoffmann, & D. Niermann (Eds.), Agency. Qualitative Rekonstruktionen und gesellschaftstheoretische Bezüge von Handlungsmächtigkeit (pp. 122–153). Beltz Juventa.
Sandvik, K. B. (2009). The physicality of legal consciousness: Suffering and the production of credibility in refugee resettlement. In R. Wilson & R. D. Brown (Eds.), Humanitarianism and suffering: The mobilization of empathy (pp. 223–244). Cambridge University Press.
Sandvik, K. B. (2011). Blurring boundaries: Refugee resettlement in Kampala—Between the formal, the informal, and the illegal. PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 34(1), 11–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1555-2934.2011.01136.x
Scheer, A. (2012). Soziale Bedingungen von Agency. Soziologische Eingrenzungen einer sozialtheoretisch nicht auflösbaren Paradoxie [Social conditions of agency: Sociological limitations of a paradox that cannot be resolved in social theory]. In S. Bethmann, C. Helfferich, H. Hoffmann, & D. Niermann (Eds.), Agency. Qualitative Rekonstruktionen und gesellschaftstheoretische Bezüge von Handlungsmächtigkeit. (pp. 99–121). Beltz Juventa.
Schneider, H. (2021). Implementing the refugee resettlement process: Diverging objectives, interdependencies and power relations. Frontiers in Political Science, 3, Article 629675. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.629675
Stürner, J. (2019). Tailored to whom? Rethinking resettlement as a participatory strategy to empower refugees and hosting municipalities. Migration Policy Practice, 4(3), 9–13. https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/mpp_39.pdf
Thomson, M. J. (2012). Black boxes of bureaucracy: Transparency and opacity in the resettlement process of Congolese refugees. PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 35(2), 186–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1555-2934.2012.01198.x
Thomson, M. J. (2018). Giving cases weight: Congolese refugees’ tactics for resettlement selection. In A. Garnier, L. L. Jubilut, & K. B. Sandvik (Eds.), Refugee resettlement: Power, politics, and humanitarian governance (pp. 203–222). Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.3167/9781785339448
Tobin, S., & Alahmed, M. (2019, April 4). Beyond the work permit quotas: Corruption and other barriers to labour integration for Syrian refugees in Jordan. Chr. Michelsen Institute. https://www.u4.no/publications/beyond-the-work-permit-quotas
UNHCR. (n.d.). How to seek help as a refugee or an asylum seeker in Türkiye? https://help.unhcr.org/turkiye/how-to-seek-help/
UNHCR. (2011). Chapter 1—Resettlement within UNHCR’s mandate: International protection and the the search for durable solutions. In UNHCR resettlement handbook (pp. 9–42). https://www.unhcr.org/protection/resettlement/3d464b239/unhcr-resettlement-handbook-chapter-1-resettlement-unhcrs-mandate-international.html
UNHCR. (2020a). Projected global resettlement needs 2021. https://www.unhcr.org/protection/resettlement/5ef34bfb7/projected-global-resettlement-needs-2021.html
UNHCR. (2020b). Resettlement data finder. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://rsq.unhcr.org/en/#H4nc
Welfens, N., & Bonjour, S. (2020). Families first? The mobilization of family norms in refugee resettlement. International Political Sociology, 15(2), 212–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/ips/olaa022
Willis, P. E. (1978). Learning to labour: How working class kids get working class jobs. Saxon House, Teakfield.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
© Scott Pruysers, Kiran Banerjee, Julie Blais 2024
Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.
Les auteurs qui publient dans Refuge conservent le droit d’auteur associé à leur œuvre, et octroient au public une licence Creative Commons Attribution - Utilisation non commerciale 4.0 International. La licence permet l’utilisation, la reproduction et l’adaptation du matériel avec attribution par tous moyens et sous tous formats pour des fins non commerciales. Pour des informations générales sur les licences Creative Commons, visitez le site Creative Commons. Pour la licence CC BY-NC 4.0, consultez le résumé lisible par l'homme.
