Beauty and Beautification in Refugees’ Lives and Their Implications for Refugee Policy

Auteurs-es

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41080

Mots-clés :

refugees, beauty, beautification, aesthetics, homemaking, protracted refugee situations, durable solutions, forcibly displaced, Global Compact on Refugees

Résumé

Cet article vise à comprendre l’importance de la beauté quotidienne dans la vie des réfugiés et ses implications pour les politiques concernant les réfugiés. Il s’agit de l’une des premières études à explorer ce sujet dans ce contexte. Une revue de la littérature existante sur la beauté dans le contexte des réfugiés et une analyse déductive de la littérature sur l’établissement de domicile chez les réfugiés démontrent comment la beauté et l’embellissement jouent un rôle actif dans la manière dont les réfugiés (re)font domicile, même dans des situations temporaires.La beauté est utilisée pour donner de l'espoir, célébrer la culture, créer une communauté et honorer les réalités passées et présentes, et a donc des implications significatives pour les objectifs du Pacte mondial sur les réfugiés. Le rôle de la beauté dans l’établissement de domicile chez les réfugiés suggère de remettre en question la focalisation étroite sur les solutions durables au profit d'un cadre plus holistique, de transformer le langage et les approches politiques pour inclure les réfugiés en tant que décideurs, et d'investir dans la qualité des abris, des camps et des maisons comme moyen plus efficace de réduire la pression sur les pays d'accueil.

Statistiques

Chargement des statistiques…

Biographie de l'auteur-e

Stephanie Acker, European University Institute, Migration Policy Centre, Florence, Italy

Stephanie Acker is a Research Associate at the Migration Policy Centre at the European University Institute and a Visiting Scholar at Clark University. She can be reached at stephanie.acker@eui.eu.  

Références

Achilli, L. (2015). Palestinian refugees and identity: Nationalism, politics and the everyday. I. B. Tauris. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/37075

Achilli, L., Yassin, N., & Erdogan, M. M. (2017). Neighbouring host-countries’ policies for Syrian refugees: The cases of Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey. Migration Policy Centre. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/44904

Acker, S. (2022). Doing the maths to end the refugee crisis: Modelling responsibility-sharing in refugee response (Policy Brief 39). Migration Policy Centre. https://doi.org/10.2870/132556

Addo, I. Y. (2016). Refugees’ expectations of durable solutions to their problems: Deliberations from the Buduburam camp in Ghana. GeoJournal, 81(3), 427–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10708-015-9632-8

Ahmad, W. (2017). The fate of durable solutions in protracted refugee situations: The odyssey of Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 15(3), Article 10. https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/sjsj/vol15/iss3/10

Archambault, J. (2012). “It can be good there too”: Home and continuity in refugee children’s narratives of settlement. Children’s Geographies, 10(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2011.638177

Bauman, Z. (2002). In the lowly nowherevilles of liquid modernity: Comments on and around Agier. Ethnography, 3(3), 343–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/146613802401092788

Beeckmans, L., Singh, A., & Gola, A. (2022). Rethinking the intersection of home and displacement from a spatial perspective. In L. Beeckmans, A. Singh, A. Gola, & H. Heynen (Eds.), Making home(s) in displacement: Critical reflections on a spatial practice (pp. 11–42). Leuven University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv25wxbvf.4

Benson, O G. (2022). Shadows of the shadow state: Grassroots, refugee-led organizations within a multi-scalar and contested resettlement institutional domain. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 40(8), 1745–1762. https://doi.org/10.1177/23996544221106303

Betts, A. (2010). The refugee regime complex. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 29(1), 12–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdq009

Betts, A., & Milner, J. (2019, May). Governance of the global refugee regime (World Refugee Council Research Paper 13). Centre for International Governance Innovation & World Refugee Council. https://www.cigionline.org/static/documents/documents/WRC%20Research%20Paper%20No.13.pdf

Boccagni, P. (2017). Migration and the search for home: Mapping domestic space in migrants’ everyday lives. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58802-9

Boccagni, P. (2022a). At home in the centre? Spatial appropriation and horizons of homemaking in reception facilities for asylum seekers. In L. Beeckmans, A. Gola, A. Singh, & H. Heynen (Eds.), Making home(s) in displacement: Critical reflections on a spatial practice (pp. 139–154). Leuven University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv25wxbvf.9

Boccagni, P. (2022b). Homing: A category for research on space appropriation and “home-oriented” mobilities. Mobilities, 17(4), 585–601. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2022.2046977

Bose, P. (2010). From humanitarian intervention to the beautifying mission: Afghan women and beauty without borders. Genders, 51. https://www.colorado.edu/gendersarchive1998-2013/2010/01/03/humanitarian-intervention-beautifying-mission-afghan-women-and-beauty-without-borders

Brumat, L., Geddes, A., & Pettrachin, A. (2022). Making sense of the global: A systematic review of globalizing and localizing dynamics in refugee governance. Journal of Refugee Studies, 35(2), 827–848. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feab092

Brun, C. (2015). Home as a critical value: From shelter to home in Georgia. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 31(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40141

Brun, C. (2016). Dwelling in the temporary. Cultural Studies, 30(3), 421–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2015.1113633

Brun, C., & Lund, R. (2008). Making a home during crisis: Post-tsunami recovery in a context of war, Sri Lanka. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 29(3), 274–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.2008.00334.x

Clements, K., Shoffner, T., & Zamore, L. (2016). Uganda’s approach to refugee self-reliance. Forced Migration Review, 52, 49–51. https://www.fmreview.org/solutions/clements-shoffner-zamore

Colburn, G., Fyall, R., McHugh, C., Moraras, P., Ewing, V., Thompson, S., Dean, T., & Argodale, S. (2022). Hotels as noncongregate emergency shelters: An analysis of investments in hotels as emergency shelter in King County, Washington during the COVID-19 pandemic. Housing Policy Debate, 32(6), 853–875. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2022.2075027

Coleman, R., & Figueroa, M. M. (2010). Past and future perfect? Beauty, affect and hope. Journal for Cultural Research, 14(4), 357–373. https://doi.org/10.1080/14797581003765317

Crisp, J. (2003). Conference papers: 4. The nature and consequences of protracted crises no solutions in sighIhe problem of protracted refugee situations in Africa. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 22(4), 114–150. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/22.4.114

Danto, A. C. (2002). The abuse of beauty. Daedalus, 131(4), 35–56. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20027805

Danto, A. C. (2003). The abuse of beauty: Aesthetics and the concept of art. Open Court Publishing.

De Rouen, A. (2019). Imagine home: Making a place in Binghamton. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 6(2), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/243

Donà, G. (1995). Acculturation, coping and mental health of Guatemalan refugees living in settlements in Mexico [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Queen’s University. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=5661488

Donà, G. (2015). Making homes in limbo: Embodied virtual “homes” in prolonged conditions of displacement. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 31(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40298

Dossa, P., & Golubovic, J. (2019). Reimagining home in the wake of displacement. Studies in Social Justice, 13(1), 171–186. https://journals.library.brocku.ca/index.php/SSJ/article/view/1742

Dreyer, M. (2022). Years in the waiting room: A feminist ethnography of the invisible institutional living spaces of forced displacement. In L. Beeckmans, A. Gola, A. Singh, & H. Heynen (Eds.), Making home(s) in displacement: Critical reflections on a spatial practice (pp. 197–218). Leuven University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv25wxbvf.12

Drozdowski, H., & Yarnell, M. (2019, July 12). Promoting refugee participation in the Global Refugee Forum: Walking the walk (Refugees International Issue Brief). Refugees International. https://www.refugeesinternational.org/reports/2019/7/11/promoting-meaningful-participation-in-the-global-refugee-forum-walking-the-walk

Dudley, S. (2011). Feeling at home: Producing and consuming things in Karenni refugee camps on the Thai–Burma border. Population, Space and Place, 17(6), 742–755. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.639

El Masri, Y. (2020). 72 years of homemaking in waiting zones: Lebanon’s “permanently temporary” Palestinian refugee camps. Frontiers in Sociology, 5, Article 587063. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2020.587063

Fábos, A. H. (2015). Microbuses and mobile homemaking in exile: Sudanese visiting strategies in Cairo. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 31(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40149

Fábos, A. H., & Brun, C. (2015). Making homes in limbo? A conceptual framework. Refuge, 31(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40138

Ferris, E., & Kirisci, K. (2016). Syrian refugees: Challenges to host countries and the international community. In The consequences of chaos: Syria’s humanitarian crisis and the failure to protect (pp. 33–70). Brookings Institution Press. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/11/oa_monograph/chapter/1832792

Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E. (2016). Refugees hosting refugees. Forced Migration Review, 53, pp. 25–27. https://www.fmreview.org/community-protection/fiddianqasmiyeh

Figueroa, M. (2013). Displaced looks: The lived experience of beauty and racism. Feminist Theory, 14(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700113483241

Fiori, J., & Rigon, A. (2017). Making lives: Refugee self-reliance and humanitarian action in cities. Humanitarian Affairs Team, Save the Children. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10055648/1/Making-Lives.pdf

Gabiam, N. (2021). Recurring displacement, homemaking and solidarity amongst Syrian and Palestinian Syrian refugees in Turkey. Anthropology of the Middle East, 16(1), 32–48. https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2021.160103

Gil Everaert, I. (2020). From transit to settlement. A Mexican border town’s transition from a transit space to a waiting territory. Metropolitics. https://metropolitics.org/IMG/pdf/met-gil-everaert.pdf

Gil Everaert, I. (2021). Inhabiting the meanwhile: Rebuilding home and restoring predictability in a space of waiting. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(19), 4327–4343. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1798747

Global Refugee-Led Network & Asylum Access. (n.d.). Meaningful refugee participation as transformative leadership: Guidelines for concrete action. UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/media/39822

Hadjiyanni, T. (2009). Aesthetics in displacement—Hmong, Somali and Mexican home-making practices in Minnesota. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(5), 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2009.00806.x

Hamilton, D. (2021). A place for beauty in the therapeutic encounter. ISD LLC.

Hammond, L. C. (2004). This place will become home: Refugee repatriation to Ethiopia. Cornell University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv3s8phh

Hassel, S., & Krause, U. (2016). A systems approach to child protection: Does theory reflect reality in protracted refugee situations? In M. O. Ensor & E. M. Goździak (Eds.), Children and forced migration: Durable solutions during transient years (pp. 205–226). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40691-6_9

Hyndman, J., & Giles, W. (2011). Waiting for what? The feminization of asylum in protracted situations. Gender, Place & Culture, 18(3), 361–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2011.566347

Katz, I. (2020). Adhocism, agency and emergency shelters. In T. Scott-Smith & M. E. Breeze (Eds.), Structures of protection? Rethinking refugee shelter (pp. 235–247). https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1tbhr26.22

Katz, I. (2022). Bare shelter: The layered spatial politics of inhabiting displacement. In L. Beeckmans, A. Gola, A. Singh, & H. Heynen (Eds.), Making home(s) in displacement: Critical reflections on a spatial practice (pp. 155–171). Leuven University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv25wxbvf.12

Keyes, E. F., & Kane, C. F. (2004). Belonging and adapting: Mental health of Bosnian refugees living in the United States. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 25(8), 809–831. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840490506392

Kim, K., & Smets, P. (2020). Home experiences and homemaking practices of single Syrian refugees in an innovative housing project in Amsterdam. Current Sociology, 68(5), 607–627. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392120927744

Koptyaeva, A. (2017). Collective homemaking in transit. Forced Migration Review, 55, 37–38. https://www.fmreview.org/shelter/koptyaeva

Korac, M. (2003). The lack of integration policy and experiences of settlement: A case study of refugees in Rome. Journal of Refugee Studies, 16(4), 398–421. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/16.4.398

Korac, M. (2009). Remaking home: Reconstructing life, place and identity in Rome and Amsterdam. Berghahn Books. https://doi.org/10.3167/9781845453916

Lasky, J. (2011, March 23). Shigeru Ban on designing shelters for the quake victims. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/24/garden/24qna.html

Loescher, G., & Milner, J. (2005). The significance of protracted refugee situations. The Adelphi Papers, 45(375), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/05679320500212098

Maclure, M., Holmes, R., MacRae, C., & Jones, L. (2010). Animating classroom ethnography: Overcoming video fear. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 23(5), 543–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518391003645370

Malkki, L. H. (1995). Refugees and exile: From “refugee studies” to the national order of things. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 495–523. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2155947

Malkki, L. H. (2002). News from nowhere: Mass displacement and globalized “problems of organization.” Ethnography, 3(3), 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/146613802401092797

Mallett, S. (2004). Understanding home: A critical review of the literature. The Sociological Review, 52(1), 62–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2004.00442.x

Marshall, D. J. (2013). “All the beautiful things”: Trauma, aesthetics and the politics of Palestinian childhood. Space and Polity, 17(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2013.780713

Massey, D. B. (1994). Space, place, and gender. University of Minnesota Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.cttttw2z

McAdam, J. (2019). The global compacts on refugees and migration: A new era for international protection? International Journal of Refugee Law, 30(4), 571–574. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eez004

Milner, J. (2014). Can global refugee policy leverage durable solutions? Lessons from Tanzania’s naturalization of Burundian refugees. Journal of Refugee Studies, 27(4), 553–573. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feu023

Milner, J., Alio, M., & Gardi, R. (2022). Meaningful refugee participation: An emerging norm in the global refugee regime. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 41(4), 565–593. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdac007

Mohee, M. (2021). State responsibility for protracted displacement: An international legal approach to durable solutions. International Journal of Refugee Law, 33(1), 111–136. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eeab014

Mould, O. (2018). The not-so-concrete Jungle: Material precarity in the Calais refugee camp. Cultural Geographies, 25(3), 393–409. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474474017697457

Neumark, D. (2013). Drawn to beauty: The practice of house-beautification as homemaking amongst the forcibly sisplaced. Housing, Theory and Society, 30(3), 237–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2013.789071

Neumark, D. (2014, November 18–26). Faire bon ménage. https://devoraneumark.com/works/faire-bon-menage/

Nguyen, L. T. (2020). Queer dis/inheritance and refugee futures. WSQ: Women’s Studies Quarterly, 48(1–2), 218–235. https://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2020.0026

Nguyen, M. T. (2011). The biopower of beauty: Humanitarian imperialisms and global feminisms in an age of terror. Signs, 36(2), 359–383. https://doi.org/10.1086/655914

Omata, N. (2013). The complexity of refugees’ return decision-making in a protracted exile: Beyond the home-coming model and durable solutions. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(8), 1281–1297. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2013.778149

Pérez, M. V. (2018). Materializing the nation in everyday life: On symbols and objects in the Palestinian refugee diaspora. Dialectical Anthropology, 42(4), 409–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10624-018-9505-x

Pérez Murcia, L. E. (2020). Remaking a place called home following displacement. In T. Edensor, A. Kalandides, & U. Kothari (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Place (pp. 468–476). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429453267-41

Pérez Murcia, L. E., & Boccagni, P. (2022). Do objects (re)produce home among international migrants? Journal of Intercultural Studies, 43(5), 589–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2022.2063825

PHAPassociation. (2021, November 30). Roundtable on self-reliance: Panel 2—Peaceful coexistence [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_NxTWHmNLM

Pogrebin, R. (2014, March 24). Pritzker architecture prize goes to Shigeru Ban. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/25/arts/design/pritzker-architecture-prize-goes-to-shigeru-ban.html

Pressé, D., & Thomson, J. (2008). The resettlement challenge: Integration of refugees from protracted refugee situations. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 25(1), 94–99. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.21402

Rajan, N. (2022). Creating refugeescapes: Afghan refugee women’s strategies of surviving and thriving in Delhi. Gender, Place & Culture, 30(3), 374–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2022.2069686

Rottmann, S. B., & Nimer, M. (2021). “We always open our doors for visitors”—Hospitality as homemaking strategy for refugee women in Istanbul. Migration Studies, 9(3), 1380–1398. https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnab005

Ryan-Saha, E. (2015). Repossession: Material absences, affective presences, and the life-resumption labors of Bosnians in Britain. Social Analysis: The International Journal of Social and Cultural Practice, 59(1), 96–112. https://doi.org/10.3167/sa.2015.590106

Skran, C., & Easton-Calabria, E. (2020). Old concepts making new history: Refugee self-reliance, livelihoods and the “refugee entrepreneur.” Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fez061

Staničić, A. (2022). Refugee shelters done differently: Humanist architecture of socialist Yugoslavia. In L. Beeckmans, A. Gola, A. Singh, & H. Heynen (Eds.), Making home(s) in displacement: Critical reflections on a spatial practice (pp. 173–196). Leuven University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv25wxbvf.11

Steigemann, A. M., & Misselwitz, P. (2020). Architectures of asylum: Making home in a state of permanent temporariness. Current Sociology, 68(5), 628–650. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392120927755

Taylor, H. (2009). Narratives of loss, longing and daily life: The meaning of home for Cypriot refugees in London [PhD thesis, University of East London]. https://repository.uel.ac.uk/download/045c8c9e18771430cebaf6c12fcb8145b141179991dfd0bb5d5777abbd1ea547/17459704/532990.pdf

Taylor, H. (2013). Refugees, the state and the concept of home. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 32(2), 130–152. https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdt004

Taylor, S. (2015). “Home is never fully achieved … even when we are in it”: Migration, belonging and social exclusion within Punjabi transnational mobility. Mobilities, 10(2), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2013.848606

Trapp, M. M. (2015). Already in America: Transnational homemaking among Liberian refugees. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees, 31(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40140

Triggs, G. D., & Wall, P. C. (2020). The makings of a success: The global compact on refugees and the inaugural global refugee forum. International Journal of Refugee Law, 32(2), 283–339. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eeaa024

UNHCR. (n.d.a). Refugee-led innovation fund: “Patient capital” to develop refugee initiatives. UNHCR Innovation Service. https://globalcompactrefugees.org/article/refugee-led-innovation-fund-patient-capital-develop-refugee-initiatives

UNHCR. (n.d.b). Refugee statistics. https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/

UNHCR. (n.d.c). Solutions. https://www.unhcr.org/solutions.html

UNHCR. (2006, April 20). Rethinking durable solutions. In The state of the world’s refugees 2006—Human displacement in the new millennium (pp. 129–199). https://www.unhcr.org/publications/sowr/4444afcc0/state-worlds-refugees-2006-human-displacement-new-millennium-chapter-6.html

UNHCR. (2018). Global resettlement infographic. https://www.unhcr.org/us/sites/en-us/files/legacy-pdf/5b28c7c04.pdf

UNHCR. (2021). Global compact on refugees indicator report. https://www.unhcr.org/global-compact-refugees-indicator-report

UNHCR. (2022, May). More than 100 million people arfe forcibly displaced. https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/insights/explainers/100-million-forcibly-displaced.html

United Nations General Assembly. (2016, October 3). New York declaration for refugees and migrants (A/RES/71/1). https://www.unhcr.org/events/conferences/57e39d987/new-york-declaration-refugees-migrants.html

United Nations General Assembly. (2018, August 2). Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees—Part II: Global compact on refugees (A/73/12 [Part II]). https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/238/37/PDF/G1823837.pdf?OpenElement

USA for UNHCR. (2020, January 28). Protracted refugee situations explained. https://www.unrefugees.org/news/protracted-refugee-situations-explained/

van Emmerik, C. (2021). Aesthetics from the interstices: The making of a home in a Palestinian refugee camp. In L. Giombini & A. Kvokačka (Eds.), Everydayness. Contemporary aesthetic approaches (pp. 207–221). Roma TrE-Press. https://doi.org/10.13134/978-80-555-2778-9

van Liempt, I., & Miellet, S. (2021). Being far away from what you need: The impact of dispersal on resettled refugees’ homemaking and place attachment in small to medium-sized towns in the Netherlands. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(11), 2377–2395. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1845130

van Liempt, I., & Staring, R. (2021). Homemaking and places of restoration: Belonging within and beyond places assigned to Syrian refugees in the Netherlands. Geographical Review, 111(2), 308–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167428.2020.1827935

Wagemann, E. (2017). From shelter to home: Flexibility in post-disaster accommodation [PhD thesis, University of Cambridge]. Apollo—University of Cambridge Repository. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.43234

Walsh, K. (2006). British expatriate belongings: Mobile homes and transnational homing. Home Cultures, 3(2), 123–144. https://doi.org/10.2752/174063106778053183

Zibar, L., Abujidi, N., & de Meulder Brandenburg, B. (2022). Who/what is doing what? Dwelling and homing practices in Syrian refugee camps—The Kurdistan region of Iraq. In Making home(s) in displacement: Critical reflections on a spatial practice (pp. 83–116). Leuven University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv25wxbvf.7

Publié-e

2023-06-09

Comment citer

Acker, S. (2023). Beauty and Beautification in Refugees’ Lives and Their Implications for Refugee Policy. Refuge : Revue Canadienne Sur Les réfugiés , 39(1), 1–46. https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.41080

Articles similaires

<< < 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 > >> 

Vous pouvez également Lancer une recherche avancée d’articles similaires à cet article.