Classe sociale et contexte d'asile : les parcours d'exil réfugié.e.s syrien.ne.s réinstallé.e.s au Canada
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.40927Mots-clés :
réfugié.es syrien.nes, classe sociale, migration forcée, Canada, BourdieuRésumé
Les parcours d’exil sont le fruit d’une pluralité de facteurs dont l’étude approfondie permet l’accès à une compréhension plus fine des phénomènes migratoires. Cet article mobilise une approche bourdieusienne pour interroger l’influence de la classe sociale sur les parcours d’exil de réfugié.e.s syrien.ne.s pris en charge par le gouvernement (RPG) et arrivé.e.s au Canada entre 2015 et 2016. Basés sur vingt récits de vie de familles syriennes réinstallées dans la Ville de Québec entre 2015 et 2016, nos résultats démontrent l’existence d’une hétérogénéité quant au positionnement de classe prémigratoire au sein de la catégorie des réfugié.e.s syrien.ne.s pris.es en charge par le gouvernement, plus particulièrement en ce qui a trait à la possibilité de mobiliser et de convertir divers types de capitaux (économique, social et culturel) pour accéder à la migration et lors du séjour dans un premier pays d’accueil. Notre analyse de classe est située dans les différents contextes d’asile turc, libanais et jordanien, de manière à moduler l’importance des différents capitaux; la capacité de convertir ces derniers se trouvant à l’intersection du positionnement de classe et des structures d’accueil nationales.
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© Myriam Ouellet, Danièle Bélanger 2022
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