Middle East and Southeast Asian Refugees in Canada and Finland: Case Studies in "Mature" and in "Incipient" Multiculturalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.22005Keywords:
Toronto, Canada, Finland, Middle Eastern refugees, resettlement, integration, societal participation, employmentAbstract
In this article a case study of resettling Middle Eastern and South Asian refugees in the Metropolitan Toronto area is presented and juxtaposed with a parallel study conducted in Finland. The main strategies for labour market participation in Canada were education, "volunteering" and networking activity. The agency principle was pronounced. Interethnic accord is evident at individual level, while at the group level of collaboration it is more elusive. The large size of the communities and Canadian multicultural policy allows for a decentralized style of intra-community activism, but in Finland, the mode of issue-focused civil and political activism across groups could enhance participation of small communities.
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Copyright (c) 1999 Kathleen Valtonen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Refuge authors retain the copyright over their work, and license it to the general public under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License International (CC BY-NC 4.0). This license allows for non-commercial use, reproduction and adaption of the material in any medium or format, with proper attribution. For general information on Creative Commons licences, visit the Creative Commons site. For the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, review the human readable summary.
